I thought I would start a thread listing the ingredients vegetarians should avoid but may not be aware of. These being involved in the manufacture of foods & drinks that you would expect to be OK, but are in fact not, e.g. white sugar & jellies. The aim is not to scare people but to educate them.
The sort of thing I am thinking of here is as follows:
Alcoholic drinks: some are filtered using animal products, particularly beers, wines and ciders.
Breakfast cereals: are now often vitamin D3 or omega-3 enriched.
Cheese: made using rennet, the source of rennet is the problem here.
Gel-cap medications: made with gelatine. (If it is a prescribed medication, consult your Dr for a non-gel cap version).
Jellies (sweet or savoury): often made with gelatine.
Margarines and spreads: most margarines and spreads contain vitamin D3 or are omega-3 enriched.
Omega-3 enriched: source is often fish based.
Orange-coloured soft drinks: some (but not all) contain gelatine as a carrier for the colour beta-carotene, but are not required to state on the packaging that they contain gelatine as it is not considered an ingredient.
Red-coloured soft drinks: sometimes cochineal is used as a colouring
Refined sugar: the manufacturing process can use animal bones.
Sweets and marshmallows: often made with gelatine.
Worcestershire sauce: contains anchovies (fish).
Thai curry paste: often contains fish paste
So why are some of these a problem?
Carmine/cochineal (E120): a red dye made from crushed beetles.
Chitosan: made from crustaceans
Gelatine: made from animal bones and connective tissues.
Isinglass: from the swim bladders of fish
Lanolin: a grease secreted from sheep’s skin and extracted from their wool, in some cases from the wool of slaughtered sheep
L-Cysteine (E920): Is sometimes made from hair or feathers (can be found in bread!)
‘Omega-3 enriched’: (margarine, olive oil, bread, breakfast cereal, orange juice) sometimes/often contain fish rather than plant sources of omega-3.
Rennet: often a mixture of enzymes from mammalian stomachs
Shellac (E904): insect secretions, sometimes used as a glazing agent on sweets and fruit
Vitamin D3, or unspecified “Vitamin D”: Vitamin D3, or unspecified “Vitamin D”: Vitamin D3 used in fortified foods is not suitable for vegetarians, as it is obtained from lanolin (a grease derived from sheep’s wool or skins).
So finally what is it that makes white sugar not vegetarian? Well it is filtered (to make it pure white) using activated charcoal which is often sourced from animal bones. Unfortunately brown refined sugar can also fall into this category as well. It is often the difference between cane sugar (often not vegetarian) and beet sugar.
Please add to the list as you see fit.