Caseydog 's Live Oak looks really great and neatly pruned! Possibly to restrain the growth earlier(?), the branches split up from pretty much the same level which exposes the tree to tears and cracks. Still, oaks are resilient and have thick branches and multiple crowns/tree tops in natural habitats as well. This tree seems to make a beautiful roofing, it provides shade and makes and natural protective border for the garden. <Sigh>. Our gardens aren't well kept although my hubby went through the green thumb lane (gardening school etc.) as well during our younger years. I've always liked the images of CD's neat, compact garden with premeditated plant species and stylish plantings. What else could you expect from a professional in aesthetic photography
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Different species require different pruning techniques and pruning or cutting periods; e.g. genera Prunus (plums, cherries, hackberries/bird cherries), Acer (maples) and Betula (birches) shouldn't be cut in spring due to sap flow. In general, you should cut only whole branches (not just scattered withes) and leave a centimeter/half an inch -> 2.5 centimeters/1''-wide collar near the trunk, be aware of tears while cutting large branches (first make a semi-cut; cut halfway from the bottom up three to four inches out of the actual up-down cutting plane) and don't cut too many large (diameter over 5 cm/2'') branches during the same year - just two to four depending on the size of the tree. Large, sharp pruning shears or a curved pruning saw with a telescopic rod (pics below) are best for cutting trees.
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You can prune all dried-up branches, competing tree tops (extra branches growing vertically next to the crown), the ones that block the foliage or intermingle with the trunk or collide with other branches, are directed too upward (sharp-angled branches are prone to break in storms or under snow; an angle slightly above horizontal is typically the best), straight downward or towards the trunk. Some trees (like hawthorns and white cedars) endure plentiful pruning, some (like plum trees and birches) prefer being untouched despite a few competing treetops or crooked branches.
Late summer is the best pruning time for most species: cuts heal rapidly and the weather (in Central and most of Northern Europe/North America) isn't too moist for mildew/mold to appear.
There are professional arborists but among gardening and environmental planning professionals, arborists are considered a variegated group of autodidact entrepreneurs, schooled experts and arduous charlatans or tree huggers/listeners who resemble horse whisperers and charge 150-200 €/$/£ an hour for a job which could easily be done by anyone. But yes, there are very experienced and distinguished arborists, who are called for, when e.g. the civil servants of my hometown have to decide whether to knock down a row of century old weeping willows - or just reshape them by a skilled arborist.